Civil Engineering Interview Questions - 8

1. What are the tools used during construction?
    Ans: Tools used during Construction are Dumpy Level, Spirit Level, Square, Plumb, Trowel, Spade, Shovel, Crowbar, Steel Bowl, Measuring Tape, Measuring Box etc.

2. What are the tools used in Carpentry?
    Ans: The tools used in Carpentry are Chisel, Hammer, Plain, Sand Paper, Nails, Wedge, Screws, Saw, Square, Boring Tools etc.

3. What are the instruments used for marking any structure on ground?
    Ans: Following are the instruments used for marking structure on ground.
            a. Theodolite
            b. Dumpy Level
            c. Total station

4. Name the apparatus used for testing of setting time of cement?
    Ans: VICAT apparatus is used to test the setting time of cement.

5. Name the apparatus used for testing of soundness of cement?
    Ans: Le Chatelier apparatus is used to test the soundness of cement.

6. Which instrument used for measuring of paint thickness?
     Ans: Elcometer is used for measuring of paint thickness.

7. Which apparatus is used to conduct the work-ability of concrete at site?
      Ans: Slump cone is used to conduct the work ability of concrete at site.

8. Specify size of the concrete cube mould?
     Ans: 150X150X150 mm is the size of cube mould.

9. Which Machine used for testing of compressive strength of concrete cubes?
    Ans: UTM is used for testing of compressive strength of concrete cubes.

10. Which instrument is used to measure the vertical angle at site?
       Ans: Theodolite is used to measure the vertical angles.

11. What are the types of concrete mixers?
      Ans: a. Tilting type
              b. Non-Tilting type
              c. Reversing type

12. What are the types of pumping equipment used for pumping of concrete?
      Ans: Three types of pumping equipments are used.
              a. Piston Pump
              b. Pneumatic Pump
              c. Squeeze pressure Pump.

13. What is the name of pipe used for under water concreting?
      Ans: Name of pipe used for under water concreting is Tremie pipe.

14. What are the different types of vibrators?
       Ans: a. Internal Vibrator (Needle Vibrator)
               b. Formwork Vibrator (External Vibrator)
               c. Table Vibrator
               d. Platform Vibrator
               e. Surface Vibrator (Screed vibrator)

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Oracle DBA Interview Questions - 7

1. Define Transaction?
    A Transaction is a logical unit of work that comprises one or more SQL statements executed by a single user.

2. When does a Transaction end?
    When it is committed or Roll backed.

3. What does COMMIT do?
    COMMIT makes permanent the changes resulting from all SQL statements in the transaction. The changes made by the SQL statements of a transaction become visible to other user sessions transactions that start only after transaction is committed.

4. What does ROLLBACK do?
    ROLLBACK retracts any of the changes resulting from the SQL statements in the transaction.

5. What is SAVE POINT?
    For long transactions that contain many SQL statements, intermediate markers or savepoints can be declared which can be used to divide a transaction into smaller parts. This allows the option of later rolling back all work performed from the current point in the transaction to a declared savepoint within the transaction.

6. What is Read-Only Transaction?
    A Read-Only transaction ensures that the results of each query executed in the transaction are consistent with respect to the same point in time.

7. What is the function of Optimizer?
     The goal of the optimizer is to choose the most efficient way to execute a SQL statement.

8. What is Execution Plan?
    The combination of the steps the optimizer chooses to execute a statement is called an execution plan.

9. What are the different approaches used by Optimizer in choosing an execution plan?
     Rule-based and Cost-based.

10. What are the factors that affect OPTIMIZER in choosing an Optimization approach?
     The OPTIMIZER_MODE initialization parameter Statistics in the Data Dictionary the OPTIMIZER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION command hints in the statement.

11. What are the values that can be specified for OPTIMIZER MODE Parameter?
      COST and RULE.

12. Will the Optimizer always use COST-based approach if OPTIMIZER_MODE is set to "Cost'?
       Presence of statistics in the data dictionary for atleast one of the tables accessed by the SQL statements is necessary for the OPTIMIZER to use COST-based approach. Otherwise OPTIMIZER chooses RULE-based approach.

13. What is the effect of setting the value of OPTIMIZER_MODE to ‘RULE’?
      This value causes the optimizer to choose the rule_based approach for all SQL statements issued to the instance regardless of the presence of statistics.

14. What are the values that can be specified for OPTIMIZER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION Command?
      CHOOSE, ALL_ROWS, FIRST_ROWS and RULE.

15. What is the effect of setting the value "CHOOSE" for OPTIMIZER_GOAL, parameter of the ALTER   SESSION Command?
      The Optimizer chooses Cost_based approach and optimizes with the goal of best throughput if statistics for atleast one of the tables accessed by the SQL statement exist in the data dictionary. Otherwise the OPTIMIZER chooses RULE_based approach.

16. What is the effect of setting the value "ALL_ROWS" for OPTIMIZER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION command?
     This value causes the optimizer to the cost-based approach for all SQL statements in the session regardless of the presence of statistics and to optimize with a goal of best throughput.

17. What is the effect of setting the value 'FIRST_ROWS' for OPTIMIZER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION command?
      This value causes the optimizer to use the cost-based approach for all SQL statements in the session regardless of the presence of statistics and to optimize with a goal of best response time.

18. What is the effect of setting the 'RULE' for OPTIMIER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION   Command?
      This value causes the optimizer to choose the rule-based approach for all SQL statements in a session regardless of the presence of statistics.

19. What is RULE-based approach to optimization?
      Choosing an executing planbased on the access paths available and the ranks of these access paths.

20. What is COST-based approach to optimization?
      Considering available access paths and determining the most efficient execution plan based on statistics in the data dictionary for the tables accessed by the statement and their associated clusters and indexes.

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Oracle DBA Interview Questions - 6

 

1. What are the different types of PL/SQL program units that can be defined and stored in ORACLE database?
   Procedures and Functions, Packages and Database Triggers.

2. What is a Procedure?
    A Procedure consist of a set of SQL and PL/SQL statements that are grouped together as a unit to solve     a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.

3. What is difference between Procedures and Functions?
     A Function returns a value to the caller where as a Procedure does not.

4. What is a Package?
    A Package is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables and other package constructs together as a unit in the database.

5. What are the advantages of having a Package?
    Increased functionality (for example, global package variables can be declared and used by any procedure in the package) and performance (for example all objects of the package are parsed compiled, and loaded into memory once)

6. What is Database Trigger?
    A Database Trigger is procedure (set of SQL and PL/SQL statements) that is automatically executed as a result of an insert in, update to, or delete from a table.

7. What are the uses of Database Trigger?
    Database triggers can be used to automatic data generation, audit data modifications, enforce complex Integrity constraints, and customize complex security authorizations.

8. What are the differences between Database Trigger and Integrity constraints?
    A declarative integrity constraint is a statement about the database that is always true. A constraint applies to existing data in the table and any statement that manipulates the table.
A trigger does not apply to data loaded before the definition of the trigger, therefore, it does not guarantee all data in a table conforms to the rules established by an associated trigger.
A trigger can be used to enforce transitional constraints where as a declarative integrity constraint cannot be used.

9. What are Roles ?
   Roles are named groups of related privileges that are granted to users or other roles.

10. What are the uses of Roles ?
       REDUCED GRANTING OF PRIVILEGES - Rather than explicitly granting the same set of privileges          to many users a database administrator can grant the privileges for a group of related users granted to a        role and then grant only the role to each member of the group.
      DYNAMIC PRIVILEGE MANAGEMENT - When the privileges of a group must change, only the       privileges of the role need to be modified. The security domains of all users granted the group's role automatically reflect the changes made to the role.
    SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY OF PRIVILEGES - The roles granted to a user can be selectively enable (available for use) or disabled (not available for use). This allows specific control of a user's privileges in any given situation.
   APPLICATION AWARENESS - A database application can be designed to automatically enable and disable selective roles when a user attempts to use the application.

11. How to prevent unauthorized use of privileges granted to a Role ?
       By creating a Role with a password.

12. What is default table space ?
      The Tablespace to contain schema objects created without specifying a tablespace name.

13. What is Tablespace Quota ?
       The collective amount of disk space available to the objects in a schema on a particular tablespace.

14. What is a profile ?
       Each database user is assigned a Profile that specifies limitations on various system resources available to the user.

15. What are the system resources that can be controlled through Profile ?
      The number of concurrent sessions the user can establish the CPU processing time available to the user's       session the CPU processing time available to a single call to ORACLE made by a SQL statement the           amount of logical I/O available to the user's session the amount of logical I/O available to a single call to        ORACLE made by a SQL statement the allowed amount of idle time for the user's session the allowed         amount of connect time for the user's session.

16. What is Auditing ?
       Monitoring of user access to aid in the investigation of database use.

17. What are the different Levels of Auditing ?
       Statement Auditing, Privilege Auditing and Object Auditing.

18. What is Statement Auditing ?
      Statement auditing is the auditing of the powerful system privileges without regard to specifically named objects.

19. What is Privilege Auditing ?
      Privilege auditing is the auditing of the use of powerful system privileges without regard to specifically             named objects.

20. What is Object Auditing ?
     Object auditing is the auditing of accesses to specific schema objects without regard to user.


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Oracle DBA Interview Questions - 5

1. What Does DBWR do?
     Database writer writes modified blocks from the database buffer cache to the data files.

2. When Does DBWR write to the database?
     DBWR writes when more data needs to be read into the SGA and too few database buffers are free. The least recently used data is written to the data files first. DBWR also writes when CheckPoint occurs.

3. What does LGWR do?
     Log Writer (LGWR) writes redo log entries generated in the redo log buffer of the SGA to on-line Redo Log File.

4. When does LGWR write to the database?
    LGWR writes redo log entries into an on-line redo log file when transactions commit and the log buffer files are full.

5. What is the function of checkpoint (CKPT)?
    The Checkpoint (CKPT) process is responsible for signaling DBWR at checkpoints and updating all the data files and control files of the database.

6. What are the functions of SMON?
    System Monitor (SMON) performs instance recovery at instance start-up. In a multiple instance system (one that uses the Parallel Server), SMON of one instance can also perform instance recovery for other instance that have failed SMON also cleans up temporary segments that are no longer in use and recovers dead transactions skipped during crash and instance recovery because of file-read or off-line errors. These transactions are eventually recovered by SMON when the tablespace or file is brought back on-line SMON also coalesces free extents within the database to make free space contiguous and easier to allocate.

7. What are functions of PMON?
    Process Monitor (PMON) performs process recovery when a user process fails PMON is responsible for cleaning up the cache and Freeing resources that the process was using PMON also checks on dispatcher and server processes and restarts them if they have failed.

8. What is the function of ARCH?
    Archiver (ARCH) copies the on-line redo log files to archival storage when they are full. ARCH is active only when a database's redo log is used in ARCHIVELOG mode.

9. What is function of RECO?
     RECOver (RECO) is used to resolve distributed transactions that are pending due to a network or system failure in a distributed database. At timed intervals, the local RECO attempts to connect to remote databases and automatically complete the commit or rollback of the local portion of any pending distributed transactions.

10. What is the function of Dispatcher (Dnnn)?
       Dispatcher (Dnnn) process is responsible for routing requests from connected user processes to available shared server processes and returning the responses back to the appropriate user processes.

11. How many Dispatcher Processes are created?
      At least one Dispatcher process is created for every communication protocol in use.

12. What is the function of Lock (LCKn) Process?
       Lock (LCKn) are used for inter-instance locking when the ORACLE Parallel Server option is used.

13. What is the maximum number of Lock Processes used?
      Though a single LCK process is sufficient for most Parallel Server systems
      Upto Ten Locks (LCK0,....LCK9) are used for inter-instance locking.

14. Name the ORACLE Background Process ?
        DBWR - Database Writer.
        LGWR - Log Writer
        CKPT - Check Point
        SMON - System Monitor
        PMON - Process Monitor
        ARCH - Archiver
        RECO - Recover
        Dnnn - Dispatcher, and
        LCKn - Lock
        Snnn - Server.

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Oracle DBA Interview Questions - 4

1. What constitute an ORACLE Instance?
      SGA and ORACLE background processes constitute an ORACLE instance. (Or) Combination of memory structure and background process.

2. What is SGA?
    The System Global Area (SGA) is a shared memory region allocated by ORACLE that contains data and control information for one ORACLE instance.

3. What are the components of SGA?
     Database buffers, Redo Log Buffer the Shared Pool and Cursors.

4. What do Database Buffers contain?
     Database buffers store the most recently used blocks of database data. It can also contain modified data that has not yet been permanently written to disk.

5. What do Redo Log Buffers contain?
     Redo Log Buffer stores redo entries a log of changes made to the database.

6. What is Shared Pool?
     Shared Pool is a portion of the SGA that contains shared memory constructs such as shared SQL areas.

7. What is Shared SQL Area?
     A Shared SQL area is required to process every unique SQL statement submitted to a database and contains information such as the parse tree and execution plan for the corresponding statement.

8. What is Cursor?
     A Cursor is a handle (a name or pointer) for the memory associated with a specific statement.

9. What is PGA?
     Program Global Area (PGA) is a memory buffer that contains data and control information for a server process.

10. What is User Process?
      A user process is created and maintained to execute the software code of an application program. It is a shadow process created automatically to facilitate communication between the user and the server process.

11. What is Server Process?
       Server Process handles requests from connected user process. A server process is in charge of communicating with the user process and interacting with ORACLE carry out requests of the associated user process.

12. What are the two types of Server Configurations?
       Dedicated Server Configuration and Multi-threaded Server Configuration.

13. What is Dedicated Server Configuration?
       In a Dedicated Server Configuration a Server Process handles requests for a Single User Process.

14. What is a Multi-threaded Server Configuration?
       In a Multi-threaded Server Configuration many user processes share a group of server process.

15. What is a Parallel Server option in ORACLE?
        A configuration for loosely coupled systems where multiple instances share a single physical database is called Parallel Server.

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Civil Engineering Interview Questions - 7

1. Give some conventional signs & symbols used in drawing.

Ans:

2. What is the standard range of tread and risers for staircase?
Ans:  a. The tread for staircase range from 230 mm to 300 mm
         b. The riser for staircase range from 150 mm to 165 mm

3. What is a site plan?
   Ans: Location of the facility within the plot area indicating the north direction is site plan.

4. What are the set of working drawings?
    Ans: Working drawing consists of Plans, Sections, Elevations and detailed drawings with required dimensions.

5. How many types of Drawings are there?
    Ans: Drawings are: Preliminary Drawings, Tender drawing, working drawing & Presentation drawings.

6. What is latitude & Longitude?
Ans:  a. Latitudes are imaginary lines on the surface of earth from West to East.
         b. Longitudes are imaginary lines on the surface of earth from North to South.

7. On what does the quality and accuracy of a drawing depend?
    Ans: The quality and accuracy of a drawing depends upon the quality of drawing instruments.

8. What is a Representative fraction?
    Ans: Representative fraction (RF) is Length on drawing / Actual length

9. What is a perspective View?
     Ans: The perspective view is a central projection in which projection lines are not parallel but converge to a finite point from the plane of projection.

10. What are the popularly available bar diameters for reinforcing?
      Ans: Popularly available bar diameters for reinforcing are 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 25mm, 28 mm & 32 mm

11. What are the structural steel section designations?
      Ans: Structural steel section designations are ISMB, ISMC, ISA, IST etc.

12. What are the popularly available structural steel beams?
     Ans: Popularly available structural steel beams are ISMB 125, ISMB 150, ISMB 175, ISMB 200, ISMB 250, ISMB 300, ISMB 350, ISMB 400, ISMB 450, ISMB 500, ISMB 600 etc.

13. Where the main reinforcements are placed in Cantilever beam and simply supported beams?
Ans:  a. In Cantilever beams main reinforcements are placed at top surface.
         b. In Simply supported beam the main reinforcement are placed at the bottom surface.

14. What are the different types of Roofs?
      Ans: Different types of Roofs are Pitched Roof, Flat Roof and Curved Roof.

Auto CAD Questions

1. What is full form of CAD?
    Ans: CAD means Computer Aided Design.

2. What is layer management in AutoCAD? How are layers useful?
     Ans: Drawing different elements in different Layer of same drawing is Layer management. By drawing in Layers, we can overlap different features without actually over writing. Lighting layout etc can be overlapped with building plan to get the actual feel without congesting the Drawing.

3. How do you set up layers?
    Ans: Layers can be setup in AutoCAD by creating different layers and drawing relevant features in that current Layer. It can also be achieved by creating different layers and then changing the already drawn elements into that layer.

4. How many types of menus AutoCAD has?
Ans: AutoCAD has pull down menus, Side menus etc.

5. Which version of AutoCAD is being used by you?
     Ans: We have AutoCAD 2011 version.

6. How do you set layer properties?
    Ans: Layer properties are set in Layer list menu.

7. What are the layer properties which can be set?
    Ans: Layer properties such as colour of font, type of font, line thickness, line type etc can be Set in layer properties.

8. What command is used to convert 3D to 2D?
      Ans: FLATTEN

9. What is the Command to draw an arc between two intersecting lines?
    Ans. FILLET (F)

10. How do you display information about objects on the screen?
      Ans: List (Li)

11. How do you copy objects from one layer to another layer?
      Ans: By using COPYTOLAYER command

12. What is the shortcut for getting diameter (Ø) symbol in text?
       Ans: %%C

13. What is the procedure for opening a new file?
       Ans: Open and save new file followed by Limits setting, Unit setting and dim style settings.

14. What is difference between text and multi line text formats?
      Ans: In text format we can type only one line and we cannot change the properties of text like text style, height, colour etc. In multi line text we can get text of multiple lines and the other properties in a single operation.

15. How do you find area of irregular 2D object?
    Ans: First develop a region inside the irregular object and then area command by object method.

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Civil Engineering Interview Questions - 6

1. What is scale? What are the different scales adopted for drawings?
     Ans: Scale is defined as Drawing measurement / Actual measurement. The different scales adopted are    1:100, 1:50, 1:20.

2. What are the different sheet sizes you adopt for drawings?
    Ans: Different drawing paper sizes adopted are: ISO A1, ISO A2, ISO A0 etc.

3. How do you make revision to a drawing and where do you reflect it?

   Ans: Revisions to the drawings are made in the tracing sheets after the drawing is plotted. The revision locations will be mentioned in the revision column on lower central portion of the drawing sheet. The revision number, Date of revision, Name of the person who revised and the Signature of the approving authority will be in revision column.

4. What is the method adopted for storing drawing sheets physically?
     Ans: The drawings are stored in plan filing cabinets for temporary storage. Then the same are rolled and are stored in Cup Boards.

5. What is the time required for exposure in ammonia printing?
    Ans: Time required for ammonia exposure for printing is One minute.

6. How will you differentiate Brick work & RR Masonry?
     Ans: Different hatch patterns are used to identify Brick Work and RR Masonry.
       It is represented below:

                                                       

                 


7. What is a Plan?
     Ans: It is a Horizontal sectional view at sill level.

8. What is a Section?
     Ans: It is a vertical Sectional View.

9. What is the type of Tracing Sheet you are using?
    Ans: The tracing sheets used is of 90 / 95 GSM (grams per square meter) – of size 915 mm X 50000 mm

10. What is a Drawing?
      Ans: Drawing is a universal language of the engineers. Without knowing, one cannot understand the views of engineers. It has its own rules.

11. What is the relation between A0, A1, A2, A3 drawing sizes?
       Ans: The relationship is A0 / 2 = A1, A1 / 2 = A2, A2 / 2 = A3, A3 / 2 = A4.

12. Give dimension of A0, A1 and A2 size drawing sheets?
      Ans: The dimensions are: A0 -1184 X 841 mm, A1 - 841 X 594 mm and A2 - 594 X 420 mm.

13. What are the different components of drawing sheet?
      Ans: Different components of the drawing sheets are: Border lines, Title Block , Notes, Revision columns, Drawing area, Folding Marks, Area identification marks, Drawing Number, Projection angle symbol, Names / Signatures of persons who have Drawn, Designed, Design Checked, Recommended, Approved, Scale, Address, Title of Drawing etc.

14. What are dimension lines?
      Ans: Dimension lines are thin continuous lines with arrow heads / ticks etc at ends indicating the dimension between points.

15. What is an Ammonia print and what is a blue print?
       Ans: Where background of drawing sheet print is white and letters & line work are blue it is called Ammonia print.
Where background of drawing sheet print is blue and letters & line work are white it is called Blue print.

16. What is first angle projection? What is third angle projection?
       Ans:  a. When the object is placed in the 1st quadrant such that it is between the projection plane and the observer, the projections so obtained are called first angle projection.
              b. When the object is placed in the 3rd quadrant and the places of projections are in between the object and the observer, the projections so obtained are called third angle projection.

17. Which projection do you use in preparation of civil drawings?
      Ans: First angle projection is used in preparation of Civil Drawings.

18. What is the speed adjusted for tracing sheets in ammonia printing machine?
       Ans: The speed adjusted is 1.5 / rotations per minute

19. What is the specification for tubes inside printer?
      Ans: Blue Fluorescent Tubes of capacity 40 W.

20. What is the importance of north direction indicator?
      Ans: To obtain and exact information regarding the location of the building with respect to north direction.

21. What is the general building height?
     Ans: The general building height is 3000 mm for Regular buildings, 3500 mm for Office building.

22. What is the proportion of Arrow in a drawing?
       Ans: The proportion of Arrow in a drawing is 1:3

23. What are the different types of scales?
      Ans: Different types of Scales are:
           a. Enlarged scales: When drawings drawn are larger than the actual size, they are known as enlarged  scale.
            b. Reduced scale: When drawings drawn are smaller than actual size, they are known as reduced   scales.

24. What are projection rays?
      Ans: The imaginary rays joining the corners of the object with the observer’s eyes are known as projection rays.

25. What is plane of projection?

      Ans: The plane on which the projection of objects is obtained is called plane of projection.

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Civil Engineering Interview Questions - 5

1. What are the advantages offered by trees if planted surrounding the building?
     Ans: The trees will prevent the noise and air pollution to a maximum extent.

2. Which is the type of lift that doesn’t need a machine room on top of the last floor?
     Ans: The Hydraulic Lift doesn’t need a machine room on top of the last floor.

3. What are the types of arches used in the architectural designing?
     Ans: There are five types of arches used in the architectural designing
           a. Flat Arch
           b. Semi-circular Arch
           c. Segmental Arch
          d. Relieving Arch
          e. Dutch / French Arch

4. Why flutes were provided in the stone columns of ancient buildings?
     Ans: To hide the joints of the stone masonry and to provide the visual illusion of the height.

5. How many types of stair-cases can we design?
      Ans: There are six varieties of stair-cases which can be designed
             a. Straight stairs
             b. Dog-legged stairs
             c. Open-newel stairs
            d. Geometrical stairs
            e. Circular stairs
            f. Bifurcated stairs

6. Define the ‘Gable’.
     Ans: It is a triangular shaped portion of masonry at the end of a sloped roof.

7. What is the purpose of providing cavity walls?
      Ans: The Cavity walls have 25% greater insulating value than solid walls and are economical.

8. What is plinth area?
      Ans: The built up, covered area measured at the floor level of the basement of any storey.

9. What is a window?
    Ans: An opening on the exterior wall which provides all or part of the required natural light or ventilation or both to an interior space.

10. What do you mean by partition?
       Ans: An interior non-load bearing barrier, one storey or part-storey in height.

11. What is a Baluster?
       Ans: It is a wooden, metal or masonry vertical member supporting a hand rail.

12. What is Newel Post?
      Ans: It is a wooden or metallic post supporting the handrail and is usually provided at the hand, foot or at points where the balustrade changes its direction.

13. What is the average eye-level of the human beings?
       Ans: 1500 mm is the average human eye-level considered for all design purposes.

14. List out the varieties of natural stones used in the building finishes.
       Ans: The following natural stones are generally used in the building finishes:
            a. Granite
            b. Marble
            c. Shahbad
            d. Slate
            e. Sandstone

15. What are the types of buildings?
       Ans: Buildings are classified into 9 categories, they are:
            a. Residential
            b. Educational
            c. Institutional
            d. Assembly 

            e. Business
            f. Mercantile
           g. Industrial
           h. Storage
           i. Hazardous

16. Why is false ceiling adopted for buildings?
       Ans: For reducing the volume of air in the given room for effective air-conditioning and to hide the cables in corridors. The type of false ceiling will decided depending upon the usage of that area.

17. What is FSI and FAR and how will you calculate?
       Ans: FSI is floor space index and FAR is floor area ratio

                              Total covered area of the floors
      FSI / FAR = -----------------------------------------------
                                                    Plot area

18. How will you decide the opening size of the room?
       Ans: Opening size will be decided as per the function and the occupant load of that room.

19. What are the deciding factors for the provision of the lift?
       Ans: Function, occupant load and space restriction are the deciding factors for the provision of the lift.

20. How many types of lifts are there?
      Ans: There are five varieties of lifts available as per the functional requirement and they are:
           a. Passenger lifts
           b. Goods lifts
           c. Hospital lifts
           d. Goods lifts
           e. Dumb waiters

21. What is ashlar stone masonry and rubble stone masonry?
       Ans: The dressed stones are used in the ashlar stone masonry and undressed stones are used in the rubble stone masonry.

22. Who has designed “The House of Falling Waters”?
      Ans: The Architect Frank Lloyd Wright had designed “The House of Falling Waters”. 

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Civil Engineering Interview Questions - 4

1. What is the Minimum size of opening for a door?
    Ans: Minimum size of opening for a door is 750 mm X 2000 mm

2. What is the minimum Width of the staircase?
    Ans: Minimum width of the staircase is 750 mm

3. What is room height?

    Ans: The vertical distance measured from the finished floor surface to the finished ceiling surface.

4. What is a mezzanine floor?
   Ans: An intermediate floor between two floors of any storey forming an integral part of floor below.

5. What is a parapet?
    Ans: A low wall or railing built along the edge of a roof or floor.

6. What is a balcony?
    Ans: A horizontal projection with a handrail.

7. Why the bye-laws insist the set-backs surrounding the buildings?
     Ans: To have the provision for the in-flow of sufficient natural lighting and ventilation into the building and also to protect the easement rights of the neighbours.

8. Why bye-laws insist maximum set-back surrounding the building for high-rise buildings?
     Ans: To facilitate the movement of Fire-Tender all-round the building in case of fire accident.

9. What is “Intelligent Building”?
     Ans: The Building which automatically controls the consumption of natural/ artificial energy resources to the required level of the needs and comforts.

10. What are “Private Scale” and “Public Scale” in Architecture?
       Ans: The size and proportions of the elements adopted for the residential buildings and the public buildings is known as “Private Scale” and “Public Scale” respectively.

11. What are the parameters for fixing the volume of the room?
       Ans: Furniture / equipment to be placed and the number of persons to be occupied. The air-changes required as per the occupancy load will derive the height / volume of the room.

12. In which climatic conditions, sloping roofs are essential?
     Ans: In the regions, where there is frequent rainfall and snow-fall.

13. What is Horizontal and Vertical circulation area and how much it will be?
      Ans: The area of verandahs, passages, corridors, balconies, porches etc. is called Horizontal circulation area and this may be 10 - 15% of the plinth area of the building. Vertical circulation area of a building is the area or space occupied by staircase & lifts and this may be 4 - 5% of the plinth area of the building.

14. What do you mean by AutoCAD?
       Ans: It is Computer Aided Drafting software.

15. What is the ‘going’ of step and how much it should be?
       Ans: The run of a step in a stair or the width of the tread between two successive treads and min width should be 250 mm.

16. How many types of perspectives can be drawn and what are they?
      Ans: There are three types of perspectives
       a. One point
       b. Two point
       c. Three point

17. To construct any building, what are the minimum drawings required?
      Ans: Minimum drawings required for constructing any building or structure is Plan, Elevations (all sides) and Cross-sections.

18. What are the types of views used in the drawings?
      Ans: Isometric (30 degrees from the base), Axonometric (45 degrees from the base) & Perspective (30 and 60 degrees from the base).

19. Where should the North point be indicated in a drawing sheet?
      Ans: It should be indicated on the Right hand top corner on a drawing sheet.

20. How will you present a two-dimensional surface with three dimensional effects?
      Ans: Two-dimensional object with Sciography will have the effect of three dimensional appearances.

21. What is the minimum area of a habitable room?
       Ans: 9 Sq. m with a minimum width of 2.5 m.

22. How many steps can be provided in one flight of stair-case?
      Ans: A maximum of 12 steps can be provided in one flight of stair-case.

23. What should be the gradient of the ramp?
      Ans: 10 to 15 degrees from the horizontal floor.

24. What is architrave?
      Ans: Architrave is the wooden beading provided over the joint of Wooden frame of door to the adjoining masonry wall.

25. What are the advantages of the plaster-groves in the elevation?
       Ans: Groves in the plaster offer the following advantages:
              a. Confine the plaster-cracks within
              b. Define the boundaries for differentiating the surface finish/ colour
              c. Add visual effect of horizontality or verticality

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1. What are the types of paints for internal walls?
Ans: Following are the type of paints for internal walls
        a. Oil Bound Distemper
        b. Acrylic Emulsion
        c. White Wash etc.

2. What are the types of paints for external walls?
Ans: Following are the type of paints for external walls
        a. Anti fungal paints
        b. Ace and Ultima etc.

3. What are the types of Windows based on its material?
Ans: The types of windows based on material are Wooden Windows, Aluminium Windows, UPVC Windows and Steel Windows etc.

4. What are the types of Doors?
Ans: The types of Doors are Flush Doors, Panelled Doors, Steel Doors, Aluminium Doors, and UPVC Doors etc.

5. What are the joints in Carpentry?
Ans: The types of Joints in Carpentry are Mortise and Tenon Joint, Lap Joint, Groove Joint etc.

6. Why is curing required for concrete?
Ans: Curing is required for compensating the water lost due to heat generated during the hydration of Cement.

7. What is concrete?
Ans: Concrete is a uniform mixture of Cement, Sand, Aggregate and Water at certain proportion.

8. What are the types of floor finishes?
Ans: Following are the type of floors finishes adopted.
         a. Mosaic Flooring
         b. Marble Flooring
         c. Granite Flooring
         d. Ironite Flooring
         e. IPS Flooring
         f. Acid resistant tile Flooring
         g. Tiled flooring
         h. Vitrified Flooring etc.

9. What are the different roofing sheet materials used?
Ans: Following are the roofing sheet material used:
       a. AC Sheets
       b. Polypropylene fibre reinforced Cement Sheets
       c. FRP Sheets
       d. Poly Carbonate sheets

10. What is RCC and what is PCC?
Ans: RCC is Reinforced Cement Concrete and PCC is Plain Cement Concrete?

11. What is the mortar mix proportion for 1 Brick thick wall and Half Brick thick wall?
Ans: a. Mortar proportion for 1 Brick thick wall is 1:6
        b. Mortar proportion for 1/2 Brick thick wall is 1:4

12. What is the Plastering Thickness adopted?
Ans: Plastering thicknesses adopted are Inner Side 15 mm, outer side 20 mm, ceiling 12 mm thick.

13. Why is reinforcement placed in Concrete?
Ans: Reinforcement is placed in Concrete to take tensile loads due to bending and direct tension.

14. What is the minimum grade of concrete used in RCC?
Ans: M20 Concrete is the minimum grade of concrete to be used in RCC.

15. What do you mean by PCC 1:3:6?
Ans: PCC 1:3:6 is Plain Cement Concrete of proportion 1-Cement, 3-Sand & 6-Aggregate (stone chips).

16. What is the minimum cross-section of a wooden door frame?
Ans: 100 x 65 mm is the minimum cross-section of a wooden door frame.

17. What is the size of a traditional brick?
Ans: The size of traditional brick is 230 X 115 X 75 mm

18. What is thickness of the brick masonry and stone masonry?
Ans: The thickness of brick masonry is 230 / 115 / 75 mm and stone masonry is 345 / 450 mm.

19. How many no. of hinges are provided for a door shutter?
Ans: Three no. of hinges are provided for a door shutter.

20. Where will the main reinforcements are placed in Cantilever beam and simply supported beams?
Ans: a. In Cantilever beams main reinforcements are placed at top surface.
         b. In Simply supported beam the main reinforcement are placed at the bottom surface.

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Civil Engineering Interview Questions-2

1. What are the grades of Portland cement presently available?
Ans: Presently we have 33 Grade, 43 Grade and 53 Grade Cements available in market.

2. What strength do you expect M20 concrete to yield at 7 days?
Ans: M20 concrete shall give 2/3 of 28 days strength on 7th day i.e. 13.34 N/mm2

3. What is the test for hardened concrete?
Ans: One set of three Concrete cube of 150 mm size will be prepared and tested for 28 days compressive strength after moist curing. The average strength will be recorded.

4. How is Clay bricks tested for compressive strength?
Ans: One set of 5 bricks sample will be selected and the frogs and undulations will be filled with mortar. The bricks will be moist cured after one day of air curing for 5 days. After that the bricks are wiped and tested in compression testing machine. The average of the results is computed. 

5. As per IS what is the minimum strength of Clay Brick which is acceptable?
Ans: As per IS Specification the minimum compressive strength acceptable for Clay Bricks is 35 kg/cm2

6. What is the water absorption limit for Clay Bricks?
Ans: Water absorption limit specified is 20% of weight of dry bricks in case of Clay Bricks.

7. What are the tests for Sand?
Ans: The tests for sand are
a. Sieve analysis
b. Fineness modulus
c. Bulking of Sand

8. What is Bulking of Sand?
Ans: When the Sand contains certain amount of moisture, the sand particles occupy more space than dry sand because of water films, thereby increasing the volume of the sand.

9. Sand is also called fine aggregate and what is the maximum particle size of sand?
Ans: Maximum particle size of Sand is 4.75 mm and down size.

10. What are the tests on coarse aggregate?
Ans: The tests for coarse aggregate are
a. Sieve analysis
b. Flakiness index
c. Crushing strength etc.

11. Why slump test is used in fresh concrete?
Ans: Slump test is used to know the work-ability of concrete.

12. What is the slump size required for high work-ability?
Ans: Minimum slump required for high work-ability is 100 to 150 mm depending on reinforcement congestion and concreting condition.

13. What is frog on brick? How the bricks will be placed in course?
Ans: Frogs are the depressions / markings on brick usually the abbreviation of manufactures name. This helps in imparting good bond. The frogs are placed facing up while placing the brick in course.

14. What is the material of brick used popularly?
Ans: The material of Bricks popularly used is burnt Clay.

15. What is the difference between Load bearing wall construction and framed construction? Which is preferable?
Ans: In load bearing wall construction the RC Slab will be placed directly on brick wall and not on Columns and beams. However the same are placed on RC beams and columns in framed construction. The brick walls in this type of construction act as filler material only and does not carry load. Framed buildings are preferable as the load bearing walls of 230 mm thick cannot take load beyond two floors.

16. What are RR Masonry and CRS masonry walls?
Ans:
a. RR Masonry walls are Random Rubble Stone masonry where the stones are irregular in size and also the joints are irregular.
b. CRS masonry is Coursed Rubble Stone Masonry where the joints are defined.

17. What are the tests performed for cement at site?
Ans: Following are the tests performed at site,
a. The batch number marked on the cement bags are to be checked as the cement beyond 6 months of age is not to be used.
b. Cement shall not contain any lumps.
c. Hand is placed inside the cement bag, hand shall feel the cool feeling.

18. What is the stripping time for RC members?
Ans: Stripping time is as follows:
a. For vertical surfaces such as columns it is 16 to 24 hours
b. For Soffit of Slab 3 days (Props to be fixed simultaneously after removal of formwork)
c. For Soffit of Beam 7 days (Props to be fixed simultaneously after removal of formwork)
d. Props are removed after 7 days for slab whose span is less than 4.5m
e. Props are removed after 14 days for slab whose span is more than 4.5m
f. Props are removed after 14 days for Beams whose span is less than 6 m
g. Props are removed after 21 days for Beams whose span is more than 6 m

19. What are the various welding types adopted?
Ans: Weld types adopted are Fillet weld, Butt Weld etc.

20. What are the methods of welds?
Ans: Methods of welds are Gas welding, TIG Welding, and Arc Welding etc.

21. What are the types of reinforcements used in RC Construction?
Ans: Types of reinforcements used in RC Construction are MS Bars, TOR Steel, TMT bars

22. What are the structural steel section designations?
Ans: Different types of Roofs are Pitched Roof, Flat Roof and Curved Roof.

23. What are the types of pointing in masonry construction?
Ans: Types of pointing are Recessed pointing, Raised Pointing and Flush Pointing.

24. Water is the range of Water - Cement ratio used in Concrete?
Ans: The Range of Water - Cement ratio used in Concrete are 0.40 to 0.60

25. What are the types of foundations based on depth?
Ans: Based on depth, the foundations are classified as Deep Foundations and Shallow foundations.

26. What are the loads coming on a structure?
Ans: The Loads coming on a structure are Dead Load, Imposed Load, Snow load, Wind load, Earthquake Load, Crane Load, and Equipment Load etc

27. Why is reinforcement placed in Concrete?
Ans: Reinforcement is placed in Concrete to take tensile loads due to bending and direct tension.

28. What are the dewatering techniques adopted?
Ans: Dewatering techniques adopted are Drains around the area, Pumping, Cement grouting etc.

29. In case of water shortage, how do you cure the Concrete?
Ans: The Concrete can be cured by not allowing the mixed water to escape by covering the surface, by application of Curing compound etc.

30. What are super plasticizers?
Ans: Super plasticizers are compounds mixed in concrete which enhance one or more quality of concrete such as work-ability, setting time etc.

31. What is RMC and is it better than site mix concrete?
Ans: RMC is Ready Mixed Concrete which is premixed at factory and delivered at site. The mixing materials are handled in machine and are computer controlled and hence the quality control is proper.

32. What are lintels and what are the types of Lintels?
Ans: Lintels are used to support masonry above an opening generally for Doors & Windows. Different types of Lintels are RC Lintels, Stone Slabs as Lintels, Wooden Lintels etc.

33. What are the PPE to be used while working at Site?
Ans: The PPE to be used while working at site are Helmet, Safety Shoes, Safety Belts to work at height, Safety Glasses for welding, Safety Gloves for touching any chemical including Cement etc.

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Civil Engineering Interview Questions -1

1. What is the size of a traditional brick?
    The size of traditional brick is 230 X 115 X 75 mm

2. What is thickness of the brick masonry and stone masonry?
    The thickness of brick masonry is 230 / 115 / 75 mm and stone masonry is 345 / 450 mm.

3. How many no. of hinges are provided for a door shutter?
    Three no. of hinges are provided for a door shutter.

4. How much thickness of plastering will be given for internal and external surface?
    The thickness of the plastering will be 15mm for internal and 15 mm / 25 mm for external.

5. What is the height of wash basin?
    The height of wash basin is 810 mm from finished floor level.

6. What are the depth and projection of the sun-shade for any Window of a building in normal climatic conditions?
      600 mm is the projection generally given for the sun-shades in normal climatic conditions.

7. What is the height of mirror fixed above the wash basin?
     The center line of the mirror will be fixed at 1.5 m level from finished floor level.

 8. What are the important types of brick bonds?
     There are two types of brick bonds which are usually practiced
         a. English bond
         b. Flemish bond

9. What is a Frog in brick and why is it provided?
   It is a depression on the top face of a brick. Frog provides recess for the mortar which on setting forms a key and prevents the displacement of brick above.

10. What is the Riser of steps and how much it should be?
       Riser is a vertical distance of steps between the upper surface of the successive treads and it should be min. 150 & max. 190 mm.

11. What is “site”?
      A piece of land enclosed by definite boundaries.

12. What are Header and Stretcher in masonry?
       a. Header is a full brick / stone, which is laid with its length perpendicular to the face of the wall.
       b. Stretcher is a full brick / stone, which is laid with its length parallel to the face of the wall.

13. Why is toothing provided in the brick masonry?
      Bricks or stones left projecting in alternate courses for the purpose of bonding future masonry work.

14. What is the minimum cross-section of a wooden door frame?
       100 x 65 mm is the minimum cross-section of a wooden door frame.

15. What is the minimum cover thickness specified for various elements of RC structure?
       Minimum cover thickness specified depends on exposure condition of the concrete in addition to the type of elements. In mild exposure conditions, the minimum cover thickness specified is
 a. Slab – 20 mm
 b. Beam – 25 mm
 c. Column – 40 mm
 d. Footing – 50 mm

16. What is the Plastering Thickness adopted?
      Plastering thicknesses adopted are Inner Side 15 mm, outer side 20 mm, ceiling 12 mm thick.

17. Why is reinforcement placed in Concrete?
      Reinforcement is placed in Concrete to take tensile loads due to bending and direct tension.

18. What is the nominal size of Modular Bricks and Conventional Bricks?
        a. Nominal size of Modular Clay Brick is 200 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm
        b. Nominal size of Conventional Clay Brick is 230 mm x 115 mm x 75 mm

19. What is the purpose of giving mild steel bars as reinforcement in concrete?
   In reinforced cement concrete important aspect is to have good bond between reinforcing bars and the   concrete for monolithic behavior of the material. Mild steel has coefficient of thermal expion similar to that of concrete thus they maintain good bond in case of decrease and increase in temperature.

20. What is the minimum grade of concrete used in RCC?
       M20 Concrete is the minimum grade of concrete to be used in RCC.

21. What do you mean by PCC 1:3:6?
       PCC 1:3:6 is Plain Cement Concrete of proportion 1-Cement, 3-Sand & 6-Aggregate (stone chips).

22. What is the mortar mix proportion for 1 Brick thick wall and Half Brick thick wall?
       a. Mortar proportion for 1 Brick thick wall is 1:6
       b. Mortar proportion for 1/2 Brick thick wall is 1:4

23. What do you mean by M20 Concrete?
     In M20 Concrete, M stands for Mix and 20 stands for characteristic compressive strength i.e. 20 N/mm2

24. What is RCC and what is PCC?
      RCC is Reinforced Cement Concrete and PCC is Plain Cement Concrete

25. What do you mean when we say 43 grade cement?
       When a cube of 70.6 mm of Cement – Sand mix in proportion of 1:3 (1- Cement & 3- Sand) is tested           in compression testing machine after 28 days of curing in water yields compressive strength 43 N/mm2. 

26. What are the instruments used for marking any structure on ground?
      Following are the instruments used for marking structure on ground.
      a. Theodolite
      b. Dumpy Level
      c. Total station

27. What are the types of floor finishes?
       Following are the type of floors finishes adopted.
        a. Mosaic Flooring

        b. Marble Flooring

        c. Granite Flooring
        d. Ironite Flooring
        e. IPS Flooring
        f. Acid resistant tile Flooring
       g. Tiled flooring
       h. Vitrified Flooring etc.

28. What is the roofing sheet material used?
       Following are the roofing sheet material used:
       a. AC Sheets
       b. Polypropylene fibre reinforced Cement Sheets
       c. FRP Sheets
      d. Poly Carbonate sheets



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