1. What are the grades of Portland cement presently available?
Ans: Presently we have 33 Grade, 43 Grade and 53 Grade Cements available in market.
2. What strength do you expect M20 concrete to yield at 7 days?
Ans: M20 concrete shall give 2/3 of 28 days strength on 7th day i.e. 13.34 N/mm2
3. What is the test for hardened concrete?
Ans: One set of three Concrete cube of 150 mm size will be prepared and tested for 28 days compressive strength after moist curing. The average strength will be recorded.
4. How is Clay bricks tested for compressive strength?
Ans: One set of 5 bricks sample will be selected and the frogs and undulations will be filled with mortar. The bricks will be moist cured after one day of air curing for 5 days. After that the bricks are wiped and tested in compression testing machine. The average of the results is computed.
5. As per IS what is the minimum strength of Clay Brick which is acceptable?
Ans: As per IS Specification the minimum compressive strength acceptable for Clay Bricks is 35 kg/cm2
6. What is the water absorption limit for Clay Bricks?
Ans: Water absorption limit specified is 20% of weight of dry bricks in case of Clay Bricks.
7. What are the tests for Sand?
Ans: The tests for sand are
a. Sieve analysis
b. Fineness modulus
c. Bulking of Sand
8. What is Bulking of Sand?
Ans: When the Sand contains certain amount of moisture, the sand particles occupy more space than dry sand because of water films, thereby increasing the volume of the sand.
9. Sand is also called fine aggregate and what is the maximum particle size of sand?
Ans: Maximum particle size of Sand is 4.75 mm and down size.
10. What are the tests on coarse aggregate?
Ans: The tests for coarse aggregate are
a. Sieve analysis
b. Flakiness index
c. Crushing strength etc.
11. Why slump test is used in fresh concrete?
Ans: Slump test is used to know the work-ability of concrete.
12. What is the slump size required for high work-ability?
Ans: Minimum slump required for high work-ability is 100 to 150 mm depending on reinforcement congestion and concreting condition.
13. What is frog on brick? How the bricks will be placed in course?
Ans: Frogs are the depressions / markings on brick usually the abbreviation of manufactures name. This helps in imparting good bond. The frogs are placed facing up while placing the brick in course.
14. What is the material of brick used popularly?
Ans: The material of Bricks popularly used is burnt Clay.
15. What is the difference between Load bearing wall construction and framed construction? Which is preferable?
Ans: In load bearing wall construction the RC Slab will be placed directly on brick wall and not on Columns and beams. However the same are placed on RC beams and columns in framed construction. The brick walls in this type of construction act as filler material only and does not carry load. Framed buildings are preferable as the load bearing walls of 230 mm thick cannot take load beyond two floors.
16. What are RR Masonry and CRS masonry walls?
Ans:
a. RR Masonry walls are Random Rubble Stone masonry where the stones are irregular in size and also the joints are irregular.
b. CRS masonry is Coursed Rubble Stone Masonry where the joints are defined.
17. What are the tests performed for cement at site?
Ans: Following are the tests performed at site,
a. The batch number marked on the cement bags are to be checked as the cement beyond 6 months of age is not to be used.
b. Cement shall not contain any lumps.
c. Hand is placed inside the cement bag, hand shall feel the cool feeling.
18. What is the stripping time for RC members?
Ans: Stripping time is as follows:
a. For vertical surfaces such as columns it is 16 to 24 hours
b. For Soffit of Slab 3 days (Props to be fixed simultaneously after removal of formwork)
c. For Soffit of Beam 7 days (Props to be fixed simultaneously after removal of formwork)
d. Props are removed after 7 days for slab whose span is less than 4.5m
e. Props are removed after 14 days for slab whose span is more than 4.5m
f. Props are removed after 14 days for Beams whose span is less than 6 m
g. Props are removed after 21 days for Beams whose span is more than 6 m
19. What are the various welding types adopted?
Ans: Weld types adopted are Fillet weld, Butt Weld etc.
20. What are the methods of welds?
Ans: Methods of welds are Gas welding, TIG Welding, and Arc Welding etc.
21. What are the types of reinforcements used in RC Construction?
Ans: Types of reinforcements used in RC Construction are MS Bars, TOR Steel, TMT bars
22. What are the structural steel section designations?
Ans: Different types of Roofs are Pitched Roof, Flat Roof and Curved Roof.
23. What are the types of pointing in masonry construction?
Ans: Types of pointing are Recessed pointing, Raised Pointing and Flush Pointing.
24. Water is the range of Water - Cement ratio used in Concrete?
Ans: The Range of Water - Cement ratio used in Concrete are 0.40 to 0.60
25. What are the types of foundations based on depth?
Ans: Based on depth, the foundations are classified as Deep Foundations and Shallow foundations.
26. What are the loads coming on a structure?
Ans: The Loads coming on a structure are Dead Load, Imposed Load, Snow load, Wind load, Earthquake Load, Crane Load, and Equipment Load etc
27. Why is reinforcement placed in Concrete?
Ans: Reinforcement is placed in Concrete to take tensile loads due to bending and direct tension.
28. What are the dewatering techniques adopted?
Ans: Dewatering techniques adopted are Drains around the area, Pumping, Cement grouting etc.
29. In case of water shortage, how do you cure the Concrete?
Ans: The Concrete can be cured by not allowing the mixed water to escape by covering the surface, by application of Curing compound etc.
30. What are super plasticizers?
Ans: Super plasticizers are compounds mixed in concrete which enhance one or more quality of concrete such as work-ability, setting time etc.
31. What is RMC and is it better than site mix concrete?
Ans: RMC is Ready Mixed Concrete which is premixed at factory and delivered at site. The mixing materials are handled in machine and are computer controlled and hence the quality control is proper.
32. What are lintels and what are the types of Lintels?
Ans: Lintels are used to support masonry above an opening generally for Doors & Windows. Different types of Lintels are RC Lintels, Stone Slabs as Lintels, Wooden Lintels etc.
33. What are the PPE to be used while working at Site?
Ans: The PPE to be used while working at site are Helmet, Safety Shoes, Safety Belts to work at height, Safety Glasses for welding, Safety Gloves for touching any chemical including Cement etc.
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